Ke karolo efe ea bohlokoa eo coke ea petroleum e nang le graphitized e e bapalang ts'ebetsong e khutšoanyane le ho qhibilihisa lionto tsa arc tsa motlakase ka khabone e tlase?

Mesebetsi ea Bohlokoa le Tlhahlobo ea Graphitized Petroleum Coke ho Electric Arc Furnace (EAF) Mokhoa o Mokhutšoanyane le ho Etsa Tšepe e Tlase ka Khabone

I. Thepa e Tala ea Bohlokoa bakeng sa Li-electrode tsa Graphite, e Tšehetsang Ts'ebetso e Sebetsang ea Ts'ebetso e Khutšoanyane ea EAF

1. Litšobotsi tsa Thepa e Tala le ho Tsamaellana ha Ts'ebetso Coke ea petroleum e nang le Graphitized ke sehlahisoa se tsoang ho petroleum coke e kenngoeng ho graphitization mochesong o fetang 2,500°C, e fetolang sebopeho sa eona sa kristale ho tloha boemong ba amorphous ho ea sebopehong sa graphite se hlophisitsoeng hantle. E bontša conductivity e phahameng ea motlakase, conductivity e phahameng ea mocheso, khanyetso e feteletseng ea mocheso (e mamella mocheso o fetang 3,000°C), le botsitso ba lik'hemik'hale. Thepa ena e etsa hore e be thepa e ntle e tala bakeng sa ho hlahisa li-electrode tsa graphite, e leng likarolo tsa mantlha tsa conductive ho EAF steelmaking.

2. Ntlafatso ea Bokgoni ba ho Etsa Tšepe ka Mekhoa e Mekhutšoanyane Mokhoa o mokgutshwane oa EAF o sebelisa tšepe e senyehileng haholo-holo e le thepa ea phepelo, o e qhibilihisa ka kotloloho le ho oxidation ea litšila ka li-arcs tsa motlakase tse hlahisoang ke li-electrode tsa graphite. Ha e bapisoa le mokhoa o molelele oa setso oa blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace (BF-BOF) (o hlokang tšepe ea tšepe le mashala a coking), mokhoa o mokgutshwane oa EAF o felisa mohato oa ho etsa tšepe, o fokotsa bolelele ba ts'ebetso ka ho feta 60%, o fokotsa tšebeliso ea matla ka hoo e ka bang 60%, 'me o fokotsa mesi ea CO₂ ka hoo e ka bang 80%. Li-electrode tsa graphite tse nang le graphitized petroleum coke li bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ts'ebetsong ena:

• Ho Tsamaisa Motlakase ka Matla a Phahameng: Ho fokotsa tahlehelo ea matla a motlakase, ho ntlafatsa katleho ea mocheso oa arc, le ho khutsufatsa lipotoloho tsa ho qhibilihisa (mohlala, li-EAF tsa quantum li fokotsa nako ea ho qhibilihisa ka 50% ha li bapisoa le mekhoa e tloaelehileng).
• Ho Hanela Mocheso: E mamella mocheso o feteletseng ka hare ho EAFs, e fokotsa tshebediso ya electrode (mohlala, eco-EAFs e fokotsa tshebediso ya electrode ka 57.5% ha e bapiswa le dionto tsa setso).
• Ho Tsitsisa ha Lik'hemik'hale: Ho thibela liketso pakeng tsa li-electrode le tšepe e qhibilihisitsoeng kapa slag, ho netefatsa bohloeki ba tšepe.

II. Ho Kganna ho Etsa Tšepe ka Khabone e Tlase: Phetoho e Tala ho tloha ho Thepa e Tala ho ea ho Mekhoa

1. Ho Nkela Mafura a Disalele Sebaka ho Fokotsa Kgase ya Khabone Mokhoa o molelele wa setso o itshetlehile haholo hodima mashala e le mafura le moemedi wa phokotso, e leng se fellang ka matla a phahameng a khabone. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, mokhoa o mokgutshwane wa EAF o sebedisa tshepe e lahlehileng le motlakase e le mohlodi wa ona wa eneji, ho fihlella phetolo ya "mashala-ho-motlakase" ka dielektrode tsa graphite tse tswang ho petroleum coke tse entsweng ka graphitized. Haeba di sebediswa ke eneji e ntjhafatswang (mohlala, letsatsi kapa moya), kgase ya khabone e batlang e le lefela e a kgoneha. Mohlala, di-eco-EAF di sebedisa eneji e tala ho qhibilihisa thepa e tala e nang le khabone e tlase, di hlahisa di-billet tsa tshepe tse nang le mahlale a "sa ameheng ke khabone" le kgase ya CO₂ e batlang e le lefela.

2. Ho Fumana Mocheso o Lahlehileng le Ntlafatso ea ho Sebelisa Matla Ha motlakase o phahameng oa coke ea petroleum e nang le graphitized o tšehetsa ho kenngoa tšebetsong ha litsamaiso tsa ho fumana mocheso o lahlehileng ho EAFs. Likhase tse nang le lerōle tse nang le mocheso o phahameng (tse nkang 11-20% ea matla a ho kenya) li ka khutlisa mocheso ka li-electrode tsa graphite kapa li-heat exchange tse inehetseng bakeng sa ho futhumatsa pele ho li-scrap kapa tlhahiso ea motlakase, e leng se fokotsang haholo tšebeliso ea matla. Mohlala, theknoloji ea ho futhumatsa pele ho li-scrap e phahamisa mocheso oa li-scrap ho tloha tikolohong ho ea ho feta 600°C, e khutsufatsa lipotoloho tsa ho qhibilihisa ka 15-20% le ho fokotsa tšebeliso ea motlakase ka tonne ea tšepe ka 36.95-40.22%.

3. Ho Khothaletsa Tšebeliso e Selikalikoe ea Lisebelisoa tsa Tšepe e Senyehileng Ts'ebetso e khutšoanyane ea EAF, e tsamaisoang ke coke ea petroleum e nang le graphitized, e fetola indasteri ea tšepe ho tloha mohlaleng oa "lintho tse senyehileng tsa lihlahisoa tsa mehlodi" ho ea ho moralo oa "lintho tse senyehileng tsa lihlahisoa tsa mehlodi". Ka 2024, lik'hamphani tse etellang pele li fihletse tlhahiso e kholo ea litšepe tse tšesaane haholo, tse matla haholo tsa likoloi tse chesang, li fihlela litlhoko tsa ho bebofatsa ha li ntse li leka-lekanya litšenyehelo le melemo ea tikoloho ea "tšepe e tala."

III. Lintlafatso tsa Theknoloji le Mekhoa ea 'Maraka: Boleng ba "Putsoa" ba Graphitized Petroleum Coke boa Khanya

1. Tlhokeho e Ntseng e Hola ya Dihlahiswa tse Sebetsang ka Bongata Ha bokgoni ba EAF bo ntse bo eketseha (mohlala, dionto tse fetang ditone tse 400) mme mahlale a ho qhibilihisa a ntse a tswela pele (mohlala, di-EAF tsa quantum, di-EAF tsa eco-EAF), tlhokeho ya di-electrode tsa graphite tsa boleng bo hodimo e a eketseha. Coke ya petroleum e nang le graphitized, e le thepa e tala ya bohlokwa, e tobane le tlholisano e phahameng hodima bohlweki (dikahare tsa molora <0.5%), ho kenngwa ha di-impregnations tse ngata (dipotoloho tse 3-4), le graphitization ya mocheso o phahameng haholo (resistivity <4 μΩ·m).

2. Kopanyo ea Green Premium le Phepelo ea Ketane Tlas'a lipheo tsa Chaena tsa "khabone e habeli", bahlahisi ba coke ea petroleum ba nang le graphit ba fokotsa mehato ea carbon ka tlhahiso ea matla a tala le khoebo ea carbon, ba fumana "li-premium tse tala" le ho hohela bareki ba maemo a holimo ba machabeng. Likhamphani tse etellang pele le tsona li ntse li atoloha ho theha li-loops tsa indasteri tse kopaneng tse akaretsang "lihlahisoa tse tala tsa coke-graphitization-anode," ho tsitsisa liketane tsa phepelo le ho fokotsa litšenyehelo.

3. Leano le Kholo e Tsamaiswang ke 'Maraka Maano a kang Tataiso ea Chaena mabapi le ho Ntšetsa Pele Ntlafatso ea Boleng bo Holimo ea Indasteri ea Tšepe a khothaletsa ka ho hlaka ho amoheloa ha EAF, 'me likarolelano tsa ho etsa tšepe tsa EAF li lebelletsoe ho nyoloha haholo ka 2025. E le thepa ea mantlha bakeng sa EAFs, coke ea petroleum e nang le graphitized e tla bona kholo e tsitsitseng ea 'maraka, e khanna indasteri ho ea ts'ebetsong e phahameng le ho fokotsa likhase tse kotsi.