Mathata a tshebediso ya matla le ho ntshuwa ha khabone tlhahisong ya di-electrode tsa graphite a ka ntlafatswa ka mokgwa o hlophisehileng ka ditharollo tse latelang tsa mahlakore a mangata:
I. Lehlakore la Thepa e Tala: Ntlafatso ea Foromo le Theknoloji ea ho Nkela Sebaka
1. Ho Nkela Needle Coke Sebaka le Ntlafatso ea Karolelano
Li-electrode tsa graphite tse matla haholo li hloka needle coke (kristale e phahameng le coefficient e tlase ea katoloso ea mocheso), empa tlhahiso ea eona e ja matla a mangata ho feta petroleum coke. Ho fetola karolelano ea needle coke ho petroleum coke (mohlala, lithane tse 1.1–1.2 tsa needle coke ka tonne ea lihlahisoa tsa electrode tse matla haholo) ho ka fokotsa tšebeliso ea matla a thepa e tala ha ho ntse ho bolokoa ts'ebetso. Mohlala, li-electrode tse kholo tsa 600mm tse nang le bophara ba ultra-high-energy tse hlahisitsoeng Chenzhou li fokolitse mesi ea CO₂ e tsoang ho ts'ebetso e khutšoanyane ea ho etsa tšepe ea arc ea motlakase ka ho feta 70% ka ho ntlafatsa litekanyo tsa thepa e tala.
2. Bokgoni bo Ntlafaditsweng ba Binder
Sekontiri sa mashala, se sebediswang e le sehokelo mme se etsa 25%–35% ya thepa e tala, se siya masalla a 60%–70% feela kamora ho baka. Ho sebedisa sekontiri se fetotsweng kapa ho eketsa di-nanofiller ho ka ntlafatsa bokgoni ba ho tlama, ha fokotsa tshebediso ya sehokelo, le ho fokotsa mosi o sa fetoheng nakong ya ho baka.
II. Lehlakore la Ts'ebetso: Mekhoa e Mecha ea ho Boloka Matla le ho Fokotsa Tšebeliso
1. Graphitization Ntlafatso ea Tšebeliso ea Matla
- Sebōpi sa Graphitization sa Letoto la ka Hare: Ha se bapisoa le lionto tsa setso tsa Acheson, sena se fokotsa tšebeliso ea motlakase ka 20%–30% ka ho futhumatsa li-electrode ka tatellano e nang le thepa ea khanyetso, e leng se fokotsang tahlehelo ea mocheso.
- Theknoloji ea Graphitization ea Mocheso o Tlase: Ho nts'etsapele li-catalyst tse ncha kapa ho ntlafatsa lits'ebetso tsa kalafo ea mocheso ho fokotsa mocheso oa graphitization ho tloha ho 2,800°C ho ea ka tlase ho 2,600°C, ho fokotsa tšebeliso ea matla ka tonne ka 500–800 kWh.
- Mekhoa ea ho Fumana Mocheso o Silafetseng: Ho sebelisa mocheso o silafetseng oa sebōpi sa graphitization bakeng sa ho futhumatsa pele thepa e tala kapa tlhahiso ea motlakase ho ntlafatsa katleho ea mocheso ka 10%–15%.
2. Sebaka sa Mafura a ho Baka
Ho nkela oli e boima kapa khase ea mashala sebaka ka khase ea tlhaho ho eketsa bokhoni ba ho chesa ka 20% le ho fokotsa mesi ea CO₂ ka 15%–20%. Lionto tsa ho baka tse sebetsang hantle haholo tse nang le theknoloji ea ho futhumatsa e nang le mekhahlelo li khutsufatsa lipotoloho tsa ho baka, li fokotsa tšebeliso ea mafura ka 10%–15%.
3. Ho kenya le ho sebelisa hape li-filler
Lisebelisoa tse fetotsoeng tsa ho kenya li-pitch (lithane tse 0.5–0.8 ka tonne ea li-electrode) li ka fokotsa lipotoloho tsa ho kenya li-impregnation ka theknoloji ea ho kenya li-vacuum. Sekhahla sa ho sebelisa hape li-coke tsa tšepe kapa li-quartz sand fillers se fihla ho 90%, e leng se fokotsang tšebeliso ea thepa e thusang.
III. Lehlakore la Lisebelisoa: Ntlafatso e Bohlale le e Kholo
1. Libeso tse Kholo le Taolo e Iketsang
Lifono tse kholo tsa motlakase tsa arc tse nang le matla a phahameng haholo (UHP) tse nang le litsamaiso tsa taolo ea impedance le tlhokomelo ea ka hare ho sebōpi li fokotsa sekhahla sa ho robeha ha elektrode ho ea ka tlase ho 2% le tšebeliso e tlase ea matla ka tonne ka 10%–15%. Litsamaiso tse bohlale tsa ho fana ka matla li fetola motlakase oa arc le litlhōrō tsa hona joale ka matla ho latela limaraka le lits'ebetso tsa tšepe, li qoba tahlehelo ea oxidation e arabelang.
2. Kaho ea Mohala oa Tlhahiso o Tsoelang Pele
Tlhahiso e tswelang pele ho tloha qetellong ho isa qetellong ho tloha ho sila thepa e tala ho isa ho machining e fokotsa tshebediso ya eneji e mahareng. Mohlala, ho futhumatsa ka mouoane kapa ka motlakase tshebetsong ya ho kopanya ho fokotsa tshebediso ya eneji ka tonne ho tloha ho 80 kWh ho isa ho 50 kWh.
IV. Sebopeho sa Matla: Taolo ea Matla a Tala le Khabone
1. Kamohelo ea Matla a Nchafatsang
Ho haha lifeme libakeng tse ruileng ka mehloli ea letsatsi kapa ea moea le ho sebelisa motlakase o motala bakeng sa graphitization (e leng se etsang 80%–90% ea motlakase oohle oa tlhahiso) ho ka fokotsa mosi oa khabone ka tonne ho tloha ho 4.48 ho ea ka tlase ho lithane tse 1.5. Mekhoa ea polokelo ea matla e leka-lekanya ho feto-fetoha ha gridi, e ntlafatsa tšebeliso ea matla a matala.
2. Ho Tšoara, ho Sebelisa le ho Boloka Khabone (CCUS)
Ho hapa CO₂ e ntshwang nakong ya ho baka le ho kenya di-graphitization bakeng sa ho hlahisa lithium carbonate kapa mafura a maiketsetso ho nolofalletsa ho sebediswa hape ha carbon.
V. Leano le Tšebelisano-'moho ea Liindasteri
1. Taolo ea Bokhoni le Kopano ea Indasteri
Ho fokotsa ka tieo bokgoni bo botjha bo jang matla a mangata le ho kgothaletsa mahloriso a indasteri (mohlala, karolo ya mmaraka ya Fangda Carbon ya 17.18%) ho sebedisa moruo wa sekala ho fokotsa tshebediso ya eneji ya yuniti. Ho kgothaletsa kopanyo e otlolohileng, jwalo ka phepelo ya Fangda Carbon ya 67.8% ya coke e nang le calcium le nale coke, ho fokotsa tshebediso ya matla a ho tsamaisa thepa e tala.
2. Khoebo ea Khabone le Lichelete tse Tala
Ho kenyelletsa litšenyehelo tsa khabone ho theko ea lihlahisoa ho khothaletsa phokotso ea likhase tse kotsi. Mohlala, kamora hore Japane e qale lipatlisiso tsa ho thibela ho lahla li-electrode tsa graphite tsa China, lifeme tsa lehae li ntlafalitse mahlale ho fokotsa moroalo oa lekhetho la khabone. Ho fana ka litlamo tse tala ho tšehetsa liphetoho tse bolokang matla, joalo ka k'hamphani e 'ngoe e fokotsang karolelano ea eona ea sekoloto ho thepa ka ho fapanyetsana likoloto ho ea ho equity le ho tšehetsa R&D ea sebōpi sa graphitization sa mocheso o tlase.
VI. Thuto ea Nyeoe: Litlamorao tsa Phokotso ea Mosi oa Li-electrode tsa Chenzhou tsa 600mm
Tsela ea Tekheniki: Ntlafatso ea karolelano ea nale ea coke + sebōpi sa ka hare sa graphitization + ho hlaphoheloa ha mocheso o litšila.
Papiso ea Lintlha:
- Tšebeliso ea motlakase: E fokotsehile ho tloha ho 5,500 kWh/ton ho ea ho 4,200 kWh/ton (↓23.6%).
- Khabone e ntshang: E fokotsehile ho tloha ho ditone tse 4.48/ton ho ya ho ditone tse 1.2/ton (↓73.2%).
- Litšenyehelo: Litšenyehelo tsa eneji tsa yuniti li theohile ka 18%, e leng se ileng sa eketsa tlholisano 'marakeng.
Qetello
Ka ntlafatso ea thepa e tala, boqapi ba ts'ebetso, ntlafatso ea lisebelisoa, phetoho ea matla le ho hokahanya leano, tlhahiso ea li-electrode tsa graphite e ka fihlella tšebeliso e tlase ea matla ka 20%–30% le ho fokotsa likhase tse ntšang khabone ka 50%–70%. Ka katleho ea ho etsa graphitization ea mocheso o tlase le ho amoheloa ha matla a tala, indasteri e ikemiselitse ho fihla sehlohlolong sa likhase tse ntšang khabone ka 2030 le ho fihlela ho se nke lehlakore ha khabone ka 2060.
Nako ea poso: Phato-06-2025