Ts'ebetsong ea tlhahiso ea li-electrode tsa graphite, mathata a tšebeliso ea matla a ka rarolloa ka mehato e felletseng, ho kenyeletsoa ho ntlafatsa phallo ea ts'ebetso, ho ntlafatsa ts'ebeliso e ntle ea matla, ho matlafatsa taolo ea lisebelisoa, le ho amohela mahlale a bolokang matla. Litharollo tse ikhethileng ke tse latelang:
I. Ho Ntlafatsa Mekhoa ea ho Khaola le ho Baka ea Lisebelisoa tse Tala
Ntlafatso ea Tlhokomelo ea Lintho tse Tala
Nakong ea mohato oa calcination, ho laola mocheso (1,250-1,350°C) le nako ho fokotsa ho feto-fetoha ha mocheso, ho ntlafatsa botsitso ba mocheso oa thepa e tala, le ho fokotsa tšebeliso ea matla a ho baka a latelang. Mohlala, ho nkela lionto tsa lipitsa tsa setso sebaka ka lionto tse potolohang kapa lionto tsa motlakase tsa calcination ho ka ntlafatsa katleho ea mocheso ka 10%-15%.
Mokgweng wa ho baka, ho baka ha bobedi kapa ho immella ka bongata (mohlala, ho immella ka boraro le ho baka ka bone) ho tlatsa masoba, ho fokotsa masoba a dihlahiswa tse fedileng, le ho eketsa bongata ba bongata le matla a mechini, ka hona ho fokotsa tshebediso ya matla a sehlahiswa sa yuniti.
Ntlafatso ea Ts'ebetso ea ho Immella
Mokhahlelong oa ho kenngoa ka sekontiri, ho ntlafatsa khatello ea ho kenngoa ka sekontiri (1.2-1.5 MPa) le mocheso (180-200°C) ho ntlafatsa sekhahla sa ho eketsa boima ba 'mele (≥14% bakeng sa ho kenngoa ka sekontiri sa pele le ≥9% bakeng sa sa bobeli), ho fokotsa palo ea ho baka khafetsa le ho fokotsa tšebeliso ea matla ka tsela e sa tobang.
II. Ntlafatso ea Mekhoa ea Kalafo ea Graphitization
Ntlafatso ea Kalafo ea Mocheso o Phahameng
Nakong ea ho sebelisa graphitization, ho nkela lifono tsa setso tsa Acheson sebaka ka lifono tse hokahaneng ka mocheso oa ka hare (LWG) ho khutsufatsa nako ea ho sebelisa matla (lihora tse 9-15 bakeng sa lifono tsa LWG khahlanong le lihora tse 50-80 bakeng sa lifono tsa Acheson) le ho fokotsa tšebeliso ea motlakase ka 30%-50%.
Ho laola mocheso oa graphitization ka nepo (2,300-3,000°C) ho qoba tšenyo ea matla ho chesoa ha mocheso ha ka nako e ts'oanang ho netefatsa phetoho ea meaho ea khabone hore e be likristale tsa graphite tse laetsoeng ka mahlakore a mararo, ho ntlafatsa tsamaiso ea motlakase.
Ho Fumana le ho Sebelisa Mocheso o Senyehileng
Nakong ea mohato oa ho pholisa oa lionto tsa graphitization, mocheso o litšila o fumanoa bakeng sa ho futhumatsa pele ho thepa e tala kapa tlhahiso ea metsi a chesang, e leng se fokotsang tšebeliso ea matla a thusang. Mohlala, khoebo e 'ngoe e boloka likhase tsa tlhaho tse fetang 500,000 cubic metres selemo le selemo ka sistimi ea ho khutlisa mocheso o litšila.
III. Ho Matlafatsa Lisebelisoa tsa Tlhahiso le Tsamaiso ea Matla
Ntlafatso ea Tšebeliso e Botle ea Matla ea Lisebelisoa
Ho kgetha di-extruder tse sebetsang hantle haholo, di-screw extruder, le disebediswa tse ding tsa ho bopa ho fokotsa tahlehelo ya khohlano ya mechini; ho sebedisa theknoloji ya ho kganna maqhubu a feto-fetohang ho laola lebelo la enjene le tsamaisanang le meroalo ya tlhahiso le ho fokotsa tshebediso ya matla e sa sebetseng.
Tlhokomelo e tloaelehileng ea lisebelisoa tsa bohlokoa, tse kang liforo tsa ho baka le tsa graphitization, e netefatsa hore moea ha o kene ebile e fokotsa tahlehelo ea mocheso. Mohlala, ho ntlafatsa likarolo tsa insulation tsa onto ho ka fokotsa tšebeliso ea matla a sebopi se le seng ka 8%-12%.
Tlhokomelo le Ntlafatso ea Matla
Ho sebedisa Sistimi ya Taolo ya Matla (EMS) ho nolofalletsa ho beha leihlo motlakase, kgase le tshebediso ya mocheso ka nako ya sebele ho pholletsa le ditshebetso, ho ntlafatsa merero ya tlhahiso ka tlhahlobo ya data. Mohlala, ho fetola ka matla ho jariswa ha sebopi sa ho baka ho latela tlhoko ya odara ho qoba maemo a "ho feta tekano".
Ho kenya tshebetsong maano a theko ya motlakase phuleng e kgolo ho hlophisa ditshebetso tse jang matla a mangata (mohlala, graphitization) nakong eo e seng ya tlhoro ho fokotsa ditjeo tsa motlakase.
IV. Ho Khothaletsa Mahlale a Bolokang Matla le Matla a Hloekileng
Tšebeliso ea Theknoloji ea ho Theha Mocheso o Tlase
Ho nkela theknoloji ea ho hatella ea mocheso o tlase kapa ea isostatic sebaka sa ho etsa matla a tloaelehileng a khatello e phahameng ho fokotsa tšebeliso ea matla a futhumatsang. Mohlala, khoebo e 'ngoe e ile ea fokotsa tšebeliso ea matla ka thane ea electrode e thehoang ka 20% ka mekhoa ea ho etsa matla a mocheso o tlase.
Phetolo ea Matla a Hloekileng
Ho kenya khase ea tlhaho le mafura a biomass butle-butle ho e-na le mashala lits'ebetsong tsa calcination le ho baka ho fokotsa mesi e tsoang khaboneng le litšenyehelo tsa matla. Likhoebo tse ling li fihletse tšebeliso ea khase ea tlhaho e fetang 60%, li fokotsa mesi e tsoang CO₂ ea selemo le selemo ka lithane tse fetang 10,000.
Tlhahiso ea Matla a Mocheso o Chesang le Theko ea Motlakase o Motala
Ho sebelisa mocheso o litšila o tsoang liontong tsa graphitization bakeng sa tlhahiso ea motlakase ho fihlela litlhoko tsa motlakase tse sa fellang; ho fumana motlakase o motala (mohlala, moea kapa matla a letsatsi) ho fokotsa ho itšetleha ka mafura a mesaletsa ea lintho tsa khale 'me ho nolofalletsa tlhahiso ea khabone e tlase.
V. Ho kenya tshebetsong Tsamaiso ya ho Boloka Matla ka Tshebetso e Felletseng
Ntlafatso ea Morero oa Tlhahiso
Ho kopanya lits'ebetso tse ts'oanang (mohlala, ho kenngoa ha motlakase ka har'a setsi le ho baka) ho fokotsa lipotoloho tsa ho emisa lisebelisoa le ho fokotsa tšebeliso ea matla a sa lebelloang. Mohlala, khoebo e 'ngoe e bolokile motlakase o fetang limilione tse 2 kWh selemo le selemo ka ntlafatso ea kemiso ea tlhahiso.
Koetliso ea ho Boloka Matla ea Basebetsi
Ho khanna koetliso ea ts'ebetso ea ho boloka eneji khafetsa ho ntlafatsa temoho ea basebetsi. Mohlala, ho etsa hore mekhoa ea ho qala/ho koala lisebelisoa e be e tloaelehileng le ho ntlafatsa litsela tsa ho sebetsana le thepa e be e ka fokotsa tšebeliso ea eneji ka kakaretso ka 5%-8%.
Litšupiso tsa Nyeoe
- Kgwebo e Kgolo ya Di-Electrode tsa Graphite: Ka ho ntlafatsa ho ya ho dionto tsa graphitization tsa LWG, ho kenya sistimi ya EMS, le ho nkela mashala sebaka ka kgase ya tlhaho, kgwebo e fokoditse tshebediso e felletseng ya eneji ka 35%, ya fokotsa tlhahiso ya khabone ya dihlahiswa tsa yuniti ka 40%, mme ya boloka tjhelete e fetang $7 milione ka selemo.
- Mekhoa ea Tekanyetso ea Indasteri: Likhoebo tse ling li fihletse tlhahiso ea "khabone e haufi le zero" ka ho khutlisa mocheso o litšila le mehlala ea theko ea motlakase o motala, e lumellanang le mekhoa ea lefats'e ea ho se nke lehlakore ha khabone le ho ntlafatsa tlholisano ea 'maraka.
Nako ea poso: Phato-11-2025