Boemo ba Kopo le Tlhahlobo ea Tebello ea Li-electrode tsa Graphite ho Lisebelisoa tsa Anode bakeng sa Libetri tsa Lithium-Ion
1. Boemo ba Kopo: Graphite e Laola 'Maraka empa e Tobana le Likhatello tsa Phetoho ea Theknoloji
1.1 Boemo bo ka Sehloohong ba 'Maraka
Lisebelisoa tsa anode tsa graphite (ho kenyeletsoa le graphite ea tlhaho le ea maiketsetso) li ntse li le tsona tse ka sehloohong ho anode tsa betri ea lithium-ion, tse ikarabellang bakeng sa ho feta 99% ea thepa e rometsoeng lefatšeng ka bophara ka 2024. Graphite ea maiketsetso, e nang le melemo e kang ho ba le botenya bo phahameng ba ho pompo, ts'ebetso e ntle ea potoloho (li-cycle tse ka holimo ho 1,500), le katleho ea pele ea 93%, e laola lekala la betri ea matla ka karolo ea 'maraka e fetang 80%. Jwalo ka mohlahisi e moholo ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng, Chaena e fihletse tlhahiso ea 负极材料 (thepa ea anode) ea lithane tse limilione tse 2.16 ka 2024, e hapa 98.5% ea 'maraka oa lefats'e, ka anode tsa graphite tse etsang ho feta 75% ea kakaretso ena.
1.2 Melemo ea Bohlokoa ea Litšenyehelo
Li-anode tsa graphite li fihletse litšenyehelo tse tlase ka lebaka la moruo oa boholo, ka litheko tsa graphite tsa maiketsetso tsa malapeng Chaena li theoha ho tloha ho RMB 55,000/tonne ka 2022 ho ea ho RMB 16,500/tonne ka 2024, e leng phokotso ea 21.43%. Katleho ena ea litšenyehelo e netefatsa ho amoheloa ho pharaletseng makaleng a amehang haholo lithekong joalo ka lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki tsa bareki le polokelo ea matla.
1.3 Mathata a Theknoloji a Hlahang
Bokgoni bo ikgethang ba khopolo-taba ya Graphite bo lekanyeditswe ho 372 mAh/g, bo atamela sekgahla sa tshebetso ya yona mme bo thatafallwa ke ho fihlela tlhoko ya "sebaka se selelele haholo" dikoloing tse ntjha tsa eneji (NEVs). Ho lelekisa matla a mangata dibetring tsa motlakase tse phahameng ho kganna phetoho ho ya ho thepa ya moloko o latelang jwalo ka di-anode tse thehilweng ho silicon le carbon e thata.
2. Litebello tsa Kopo: Ha li nkeloe sebaka ka nako e khuts'oane empa li tobane le likotsi tsa ho nkeloa sebaka ka nako e telele
2.1 Nako e Khutšoanyane (Lilemo tse 3–5): Graphite Remains Core
- Khōlo ea Tlhoko e Tsitsitseng: Katoloso ea li-NEV le limmarakeng tsa polokelo ea matla e tla susumetsa tlhoko ea thepa ea anode, 'me ho lebelletsoe hore thepa ea Chaena e tla fihla ho lithane tse limilione tse 2.41 ka 2025, 'me anode ea graphite e ntse e ikarabella ho feta 70%.
- Ntlafatso ea Theknoloji e Boloka Tlholisano: Mahlale a ho koahela a mokelikeli a atolositse bophelo ba potoloho ea graphite anode ho feta lipotoloho tse 2,000, ha meralo ea meaho e nang le masoba a 3D e nolofalletsa ho tjhaja ka potlako metsotso e 15 ho fihlela ho 80% ea bokhoni, e leng se fihlelang litlhoko tsa lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki tsa bareki le libeteri tsa motlakase tse tlase.
- Melemo ea Litšenyehelo e sa Ntse e sa Phephetsoe: Mekhoa e mecha ea ho etsa litšoantšo tsa graphitization (mohlala, ho etsa litšoantšo tsa graphitization ka mokhoa o tsoelang pele) e fokotsa litšenyehelo haholo, athe li-anode tse thehiloeng ho silicon li ntse li le theko e boima ka makhetlo a 3-5, e leng se fokotsang ho amoheloa ha boima ba nako e khuts'oane.
2.2 Nako e Telele (Lilemo tse 5–10): Li-Anode tse Thehiloeng ho Silicon li Fumana Khatello, li Hatella Karolo ea 'Maraka ea Graphite
- Likhatelo-pele tsa Anode e Thehiloeng ho Silicon: Tsoelo-pele meralong e entsoeng ka nano, ntlafatso ea ho koahela khabone, le mahlale a pele ho lithiation a ntlafalitse katleho ea potoloho ea pele ho feta 85%, atolositse bophelo ba potoloho ho feta lipotoloho tse 1,000, 'me a fokotsa litšenyehelo ka 60% ho tloha maemong a 2022 ho ea ho RMB 180/kg. 'Maraka oa lefats'e oa anode o thehiloeng ho silicon o lebelletsoe ho fihla ho RMB 30 bilione ka 2025, ka ho kenella ho fetang 10%, le mohlomong 25% ka 2030.
- Leano le Bakhanni ba 'Maraka: Thekiso ea lefats'e ka bophara ea NEV e lebelletsoe ho fihla ho li-unit tse limilione tse 60 ka 2030, ha bokhoni ba polokelo ea matla bo lebelletsoe ho hola ho tloha ho 300 GWh ka 2025 ho ea ho 800 GWh ka 2030. Litlhoko tse phahameng tsa matla li tla potlakisa ho amoheloa ha li-anode tse thehiloeng ho silicon.
- Sebaka sa ho Khutlela sa Graphite: Li-anode tsa graphite li ka khutlela libetering tsa motlakase tsa maemo a tlase, polokelo ea matla le lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki tsa bareki, 'me karolo ea' maraka e sentsoe ke thepa e thehiloeng ho silicon, lithium-metal le lisebelisoa tse ling tse tsoetseng pele.
2.3 Likotsi tse ka 'nang tsa e-ba teng tsa ho nkela sebaka: Libetri tsa Sodium-Ion le tsa Solid-State
- Khoebo ea Betri ea Sodium-Ion: Haeba litšenyehelo li theohela ka tlase ho RMB 0.3/Wh, libeteri tsa sodium-ion li ka sitisa tlhoko ea graphite anode, haholo-holo polokelong ea matla.
- Tšitiso ea Betri ea Boemo bo Tiileng: Motsoako oa li-electrolyte tsa boemo bo tiileng le li-anode tsa lithium-metal li ka fetola ponahalo ea anode, leha ho rekisoa ho ntse ho le haufi le lilemo tse 5-10.
3. Mekhoa ea Indasteri le Litlhahiso tsa Maano
3.1 Litaelo tsa ho Iphetola ha Theknoloji
- Li-anode tsa Graphite: Tsepamisa maikutlo ho ntlafatseng ts'ebetso ea ho tjhaja ka potlako (mohlala, ho roala ka mokelikeli), phokotso ea litšenyehelo (mohlala, ho graphitization ho tsoelang pele), le ho phela nako e telele (mohlala, meaho e nang le masoba a 3D).
- Li-Anode tse Thehiloeng ho Silicon: Ho shebella khōlo ea ts'ebetso ea silicon-carbon ea CVD, indasteri ea pele ho lithiation, le lits'ebetso tsa graphite-silicon composite (mohlala, litharollo tsa graphite tsa BTR tsa S+i).
- Li-Anode tse Hlahang: Li-anode tsa carbon tse nang le masoba a lithium le tšepe bakeng sa libeteri tsa lithium-sulfur li kena mekhahlelong ea liteko, 'me merero ea tšebelisano-'moho ea indasteri le litsebi e imenne hararo ho tloha ka 2022.
3.2 Litlhahiso tsa Maano a Khamphani
- Leano la Nako e Khutšoanyane: Hlahisa li-anode bakeng sa litsamaiso tsa cathode tse nang le nickel e ngata le metsoako ea silicon-carbon ho ntlafatsa litefiso tsa lihlahisoa.
- Leano la Nako e Telele: Tsetela ho litokelo tsa mantlha tsa molao (mohlala, liphetoho tsa ho koahela, pele ho lithiation) le ho tiisa likamano le bahlahisi ba libeteri ba 5 ba lefats'e ho tiisa maemo a 'maraka.
- Ho Fokotsa Likotsi: Ho fapanyetsana matsete ho pholletsa le mahlale a graphite, silicon, le lithium-metal ho thibela likotsi tsa ho nkela sebaka; ho beha pele bafepedi ba nang le ts'ebetso e matla ea ESG le mekhoa ea tlhahiso e tala.
4. Qetello
Li-electrode tsa graphite li ntse li le bohlokoa haholo ho li-anode tsa betri ea lithium-ion ka nako e khuts'oane, li tšehetsoa ke litšenyehelo tsa tsona tse tlase, botsitso le ntlafatso e tsoelang pele ea tekheniki. Leha ho le joalo, tsoelo-pele ho li-anode tse thehiloeng ho silicon le litlhoko tse ntseng li eketseha tsa bongata ba matla ho li-NEV li baka likotsi tsa nako e telele tsa ho nkeloa sebaka. Likhamphani li tlameha ho leka-lekanya boqapi, taolo ea litšenyehelo, le mamello ea ketane ea phepelo ho ea phetohong ho tloha "katolosong ea sekala" ho ea "ntlafatsong ea boleng," qetellong e khanna indasteri ho ea ho bongata bo phahameng ba matla, nako e telele ea bophelo, le litšenyehelo tse tlase.
Nako ea poso: Phupu-22-2025