Kalafo ea graphitization hangata e hloka mocheso o phahameng ho tloha ho 2300 ho isa ho 3000℃, 'me molao-motheo oa eona oa mantlha ke phetoho ea liathomo tsa khabone ho tloha tokisetsong e sa tsitsang ho ea sebopehong sa kristale sa graphite se laetsoeng ka kalafo ea mocheso o phahameng. Ka tlase ke tlhahlobo e qaqileng:
I. Mefuta ea Mocheso bakeng sa Kalafo ea Graphitization e Tloaelehileng
A. Litlhoko tsa Motheo tsa Mocheso
Ho sebelisa graphitization e tloaelehileng ho hloka ho phahamisa mocheso ho isa ho 2300 ho isa ho 3000℃, moo:
- 2500℃ e tšoaea ntlha ea bohlokoa ea phetoho, moo sebaka sa liathomo tsa khabone se fokotsehang haholo, 'me boemo ba graphitization bo eketseha ka potlako;
- Ka mora 3000℃, diphetoho di ba butle butle, mme kristale ya graphite e atamela phetheho, leha mocheso o eketsehileng o eketsa chai e fokotsang dintlafatso tse nyane tshebetsong.
B. Tšusumetso ea Liphapang tsa Thepa Mochesong
- Lik'habone tse bonolo ho li graphite (mohlala, petroleum coke): Kena mohatong oa graphitization ho 1700℃, ka keketseho e hlokomelehang ea tekanyo ea graphitization ho 2500℃;
- Dikhabone tse thata ho di graphize (mohlala, anthracite): Di hloka mocheso o phahameng (o atamelang ho 3000℃) ho fihlella phetoho e tshwanang.
II. Mokhoa oo ka ona Thempereichara e Phahameng e Khothalletsang Taolo ea Athomo ea Khabone
A. Mokhahlelo oa 1 (1000–1800℃): Ho Hlahisa Mosi ka ho Feto-fetoha le ho Laela ka Mahlakore a Mabeli
- Liketane tsa Aliphatic, CH, le C=O di a senyeha, di lokolla haeterojene, oksijene, naetrojene, sebabole le dielemente tse ding ka sebopeho sa di-monomer kapa dimolek'hule tse bonolo (mohlala, CH₄, CO₂);
- Mealo ea athomo ea khabone e atoloha ka har'a sefofane sa mahlakore a mabeli, 'me bophahamo ba microcrystalline bo eketseha ho tloha ho 1 nm ho isa ho 10 nm, ha ho bokellana ha mealo e fapaneng ho ntse ho sa fetohe haholo;
- Mekhoa ea endothermic (likarabelo tsa lik'hemik'hale) le exothermic (lits'ebetso tsa 'mele, tse kang ho lokolloa ha matla a interfacial ho tsoa lits'ebetsong tsa microcrystalline boundary) li etsahala ka nako e le 'ngoe.
B. Mokhahlelo oa 2 (1800–2400℃): Ho Laela ka Mahlakore a Mararo le Tokiso ea Meeli ea Lijo-thollo
- Maqhubu a eketsehileng a ho thothomela ha mocheso a liathomo tsa khabone a li susumetsa ho fetohela litokisetsong tsa mahlakore a mararo, tse laoloang ke molao-motheo oa matla a fokolang a mahala;
- Ho falla le meeli ea lithollo holim'a lifofane tsa kristale li nyamela butle-butle, e leng se pakoang ke ho hlaha ha mela e bohale (hko) le (001) ho li-spectra tsa diffraction tsa X-ray, e tiisang ho thehoa ha litlhophiso tse laetsoeng ka mahlakore a mararo;
- Litšila tse ling li etsa li-carbide (mohlala, silicon carbide), tse bolang ho ba mouoane oa tšepe le graphite mochesong o phahameng.
C. Mokhahlelo oa 3 (Ka holimo ho 2400℃): Kholo ea Koro le ho Nchafatsa Bocha
- Litekanyo tsa lijo-thollo lia eketseha ho latela a-axis ho fihlela karolelano ea 10-150 nm le ho latela c-axis ho fihlela ho likarolo tse ka bang 60 (hoo e ka bang 20 nm);
- Liathomo tsa khabone li feta ntlafatsong ea lattice ka ho falla ha ka hare kapa ka har'a limolek'hule, ha sekhahla sa mouoane oa lintho tsa khabone se eketseha ka potlako ka mocheso;
- Phapanyetsano e sebetsang ea thepa e etsahala lipakeng tsa mekhahlelo e tiileng le ea khase, e leng se fellang ka ho thehoa ha sebopeho sa kristale ea graphite se hlophisitsoeng hantle.
III. Ntlafatso ea Mocheso ka Mekhoa e Ikhethang
A. Graphitization ea Catalytic
Ho eketsoa ha di-catalyst tse kang tshepe kapa ferrosilicon ho ka fokotsa mocheso wa graphitization haholo ho fihla ho 1500–2200℃. Mohlala:
- Sesebediswa sa Ferrosilicon (25% ya dikahare tsa silicon) se ka fokotsa mocheso ho tloha ho 2500–3000℃ ho isa ho 1500℃;
- Sesebediswa sa BN se ka fokotsa mocheso ho fihlela ka tlase ho 2200℃ ha se ntse se ntlafatsa tsela eo difaeba tsa khabone di shebanang ka yona.
B. Graphitization ea Mocheso o Phahameng ka ho Fetisisa
E sebediswa bakeng sa ditshebediso tsa bohloeki bo hodimo tse kang graphite ya boleng ba nuclear le graphite ya boleng ba sefofane, tshebetso ena e sebedisa ho futhumatsa ha induction ya maqhubu a mahareng kapa ho futhumatsa arc ya plasma (mohlala, mocheso wa mantlha wa plasma wa argon o fihlang ho 15,000℃) ho fihlella mocheso wa bokahodimo o fetang 3200℃ dihlahisweng;
- Tekanyo ea graphitization e feta 0.99, ka litaba tse litšila tse tlase haholo (litekanyo tsa molora < 0.01%).
IV. Tšusumetso ea Mocheso Litlamoraong tsa Graphitization
A. Ho hanyetsa le ho tsamaisa mocheso
Bakeng sa keketseho e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe ea tekanyo ea graphitization ea 0.1, resistivity e fokotseha ka 30%, 'me conductivity ea mocheso e eketseha ka 25%. Mohlala, kamora kalafo ho 3000℃, resistivity ea graphite e ka theohela ho 1/4–1/5 ea boleng ba eona ba pele.
B. Thepa ea Mekaniki
Mocheso o phahameng o fokotsa sebaka sa graphite pakeng tsa mealo e fapaneng ho ya ho boleng bo batlang bo loketse (0.3354 nm), o eketsa haholo khanyetso ya ho thothomela ha mocheso le botsitso ba dikhemikhale (ka phokotso ya coefficient ya katoloso e otlolohileng ya 50%–80%), ha ka nako e ts'oanang o fana ka ho tlotsa le ho hanyetsa ho tsofala.
C. Ntlafatso ea Bohloeki
Ka mocheso oa 3000℃, litlamo tsa lik'hemik'hale tse 99.9% ea metsoako ea tlhaho lia senyeha, e leng se lumellang litšila ho lokolloa ka mokhoa oa khase 'me se fella ka bohloeki ba sehlahisoa ba 99.9% kapa ho feta.
Nako ea poso: Loetse-11-2025