Mekhoa ea ho falla le ho fetoha ha mocheso ea likarolo tse kang sodium (Na), vanadium (V), nickel (Ni), le calcium (Ca) ka har'a petroleum coke nakong ea calcination li susumetsoa hammoho ke mocheso, mefuta ea liketsahalo le lik'hemik'hale. Mekhoa e ikhethileng ke e latelang:
1. Ho falla le ho fetoha ha Sodium (Na)
- Mokhahlelo wa mocheso o tlase (<1000°C): Sodium e teng haholo-holo ka sebopeho sa matswai a sa pheleng (mohlala, sodium sulfate, sodium chloride) kapa metsoako ya manyolo, e nang le ho feto-fetoha ho tlase. Ha mocheso o ntse o phahama, butle-butle o a bola ho ba di-oxide tsa kgase (mohlala, Na₂O) kapa di-hydroxide (mohlala, NaOH).
- Mokhahlelo oa mocheso o phahameng (>1000°C): Ho feto-fetoha ha sodium ho eketseha haholo. Metsoako e entsoeng ka sebabole le chlorine (mohlala, Na₂S, NaCl) e qhibiliha habonolo kapa ea bola mochesong o phahameng, e leng se etsang hore sodium e tsoe ka mokhoa oa khase.
- Mabaka a susumetsang: Ho fetoha ha sodium ho angoa haholo ke sepakapaka sa calcination (oxidizing/reduction). Tlas'a maemo a fokotsang, sodium e ka fetoha habonolo ka mokhoa oa sulfide.
2. Ho falla le ho fetoha ha Vanadium (V)
- Mefuta ea liketsahalo: Vanadium ka har'a petroleum coke e fumaneha haholo-holo ka mefuta e tlamiloeng ka lintho tse phelang (mohlala, vanadyl porphyrins) le mefuta e tsitsitseng (mohlala, vanadium oxides, silicates).
- Mokhahlelo oa mocheso o tlase (<1100°C): Vanadium e tlamiloeng ka lintho tse phelang e bola butle-butle ha mocheso o ntse o eketseha, e fetoha mefuta e qhibilihang ka metsing, e ka fapanyetsanoang ka ion, kapa e tlamiloeng ka carbonate. Vanadium e 'ngoe e arabela le liminerale tsa calcium le tšepe ho etsa eutectics e nang le ntlha e tlaase ea ho qhibiliha.
- Mokhahlelo oa mocheso o phahameng (>1100°C): Ho feto-fetoha ha vanadium ho eketseha ka sekhahla. Vanadium e tlamiloeng linthong tsa tlhaho e bola ka potlako ho ba mefuta ea VOₓ e nang le khase (mohlala, VO, V₂O₅), ha vanadium e tsitsitseng (mohlala, V₂O₃) e qhibiliha hanyane 'me e ntša vanadium e nyane mochesong o phahameng.
- Mabaka a susumetsang: Ho fetoha ha vanadium ho susumetsoa ke mocheso, sekhahla sa ho tjha, le sebopeho sa diminerale. Maemong a mocheso o phahameng, vanadium e bopa dibopeho tse nang le silicon le sebabole, e leng se lebisang ho feto-fetohang ho sa fellang ka sebopeho sa kgase.
3. Ho falla le ho fetoha ha Nikele (Ni)
- Mefuta ea liketsahalo: Nickel ka har'a petroleum coke e teng haholo-holo ka mokhoa oa sulfides (Ni₃S₂), oxides (NiO2), kapa silicates.
- Mokhahlelo oa mocheso o tlase (<900°C): Nikele e teng e le Ni₃S₂, e nang le ho feto-fetoha ho tlase.
- Mokhahlelo oa mocheso o mahareng (900–1200°C): Ni₃S₂ e fetoha NiS butle-butle ka har'a slag ea metsi, e fihlang sehlohlolong sa NiS sa hoo e ka bang 22.4% ho 1200°C, pele e khutlela ho Ni₃S₂ ha mocheso o ntse o phahama le ho feta.
- Mokhahlelo oa mocheso o phahameng (>1400°C): Nikele e fetoha ka mokhoa oa metsoako ea khase (mohlala, Ni(g), NiS(g)), empa Ni₃S₂ ha e fetohe ka ho toba hore e be Ni(s) e tiileng.
- Mabaka a susumetsang: Ho fetoha ha nickel ho angoa haholo ke di-gasifying agents (mohlala, O₂, H₂O). Ho eketsoa ha O₂ ho thibela phetoho ya Ni₃S₂ ho ba elemental Ni mme ho thibela ho thehwa ha metswako ya spinel (mohlala, NiAl₂O₄).
4. Ho falla le ho fetoha ha Khalsiamo (Ca)
- Mefuta ea ho hlaha: Khalsiamo ka har'a petroleum coke e teng haholo-holo ka mokhoa oa carbonates (CaCO₃), sulfates (CaSO₄), kapa silicates.
- Mokhahlelo wa mocheso o tlase (<800°C): Dikhabone di a bola ho ba CaO le CO₂, ha disulfate di bola ho ba CaO le SO₃, e leng se lebisang ho rueng ha calcium ka sebopeho sa oxide.
- Mokhahlelo oa mocheso o mahareng (800–1200°C): CaO e arabela le silicon le aluminium ho etsa liminerale tse nang le ntlha e tlaase ea ho qhibiliha (mohlala, anorthite CaAl₂Si₂O₈), 'me khalsiamo e itseng e sala e le sebopeho se tiileng.
- Mokhahlelo oa mocheso o phahameng (>1200°C): Ho feto-fetoha ha calcium ho tlase, empa liminerale tse nang le ntlha e tlaase ea ho qhibiliha li ka qhibiliha kapa tsa bola hanyane mochesong o phahameng, e leng se etsang hore calcium e falle ka mokhoa oa khase kapa oa metsi.
- Mabaka a susumetsang: Ho falla ha calcium ho susumetsoa haholo ke karolelano ea silica-alumina le karolelano ea tšepe-calcium. Keketseho ea karolelano ea silica-alumina e khothalletsa phetoho ea FeV₂O₄ ho V₂O₃, ha keketseho ea karolelano ea tšepe-calcium e thibela ho thehoa ha CaAl₂Si₂O₈.
Mekhoa e Felletseng
- Ho itshetleha ka mocheso: Sekgahla sa ho fetoha ha dielemente tse latelang se eketseha ka mocheso, empa maemo a mocheso a ho fetoha ha dielemente a fapana haholo hara dielemente (mohlala, vanadium e fetoha ka ho hlaka ka hodima 1100°C, ha nikeli e ba bohlokwa ka hodima 1400°C).
- Tšusumetso ea mefuta ea ho hlaha: Lintho tse tlamiloeng ka tlhaho (mohlala, vanadium ea tlhaho) lia fetoha ho feta mefuta e tsitsitseng (mohlala, vanadium oxides).
- Taolo ea karabelo ea lik'hemik'hale: Ho fetoha ha li-trace elements ho laoloa ke liketso tse nang le sebabole le chlorine, tse etsang metsoako e nang le ntlha e tlaase ea ho qhibiliha kapa ea khase (mohlala, Na₂S, VOₓ).
- Litaelo tsa ntlafatso ea ts'ebetso: Ho laola mocheso oa calcination, sepakapaka, le lintho tse ling tse eketsang (mohlala, li-modifiers tsa karolelano ea silica-alumina) ho ka thibela ho fetoha ha lintho tse kotsi le ho ntlafatsa boleng ba coke e nang le calcined.
Nako ea poso: Mmesa-17-2026